Legal

Last updated 29 October 2026. These documents govern patrician.ch and the services described on it.

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Terms of service

1. Who we are

Patrician.ch ("we", "us") publishes comparison research on cities at patrician.ch and the Private Dossier. Patrician.ch is an independent publisher and is not a law firm, a tax adviser, a bank, or a regulated financial intermediary. Payment is taken by our merchant of record, Polar (polar.sh), which sells to you in its own name and issues the invoice. Contact details are at the end of this page.

2. What we do and do not do

We publish research. The interactive engine on this site produces an indicative ranking of jurisdictions from simplified public rules and the figures you enter. The Dossier is that model written out on the figures you entered: it is generated by the engine and delivered as a document. Nobody works on your case, nobody acts for you, and no service is performed for you. We are not a law firm, tax adviser, immigration consultant, financial adviser, or regulated intermediary in any jurisdiction, and nothing we publish or deliver is legal, tax, immigration, investment, or financial advice. Decisions about residence, citizenship, structuring, and tax must be confirmed with professionals licensed in the relevant jurisdiction before you act.

3. Orders, payment, and delivery

The Dossier is bought through the checkout of our merchant of record, who sells it to you in its own name and issues the invoice. A contract is formed when payment is received. The Dossier is a digital product. It is generated automatically from the figures you entered and delivered as a private page and a PDF by email, usually within 2 minutes of payment. Nothing is shipped and no service is performed for you. Prices are in US dollars. Our merchant of record adds any VAT or sales tax due at checkout and shows the total before you pay.

4. Refunds

Tell us within 7 days of delivery and we refund the fee in full. One email to hello@patrician.ch, no reason needed and no conditions. The refund is made by our merchant of record to the card or account the payment came from.

5. Your information

Our work is only as good as what you give us. You confirm that the information you submit is accurate and that you are entitled to share it. We do not verify passports, income, or assets and we do not carry out identity checks.

6. Intellectual property and all rights reserved

Everything on this site and in every dossier is ours or licensed to us, and all rights are reserved: the text, the copy, the city ledes and ordinary days, the engine and its weights, the tax and visa models, the editorial indices for cost, safety, schools, sun, beauty, and wealth signals, the data compilation itself and the selection, arrangement, and scoring behind it, the passport ladder, the globe, the passport artwork, the shield mark, the names Patrician.ch and The Patrician Engine and the wordmark PATRICIAN.CH, and the design, layout, and code. Footage and stills are licensed to us and remain the property of their creators. No license to them passes to you.

You receive a limited, revocable, non exclusive license to view the site in a browser for your own personal, non commercial use, and to use a dossier you have paid for, for your own decision and to share with your own advisers. Nothing else is licensed. Without our prior written consent you may not do any of the following. Copy, reproduce, republish, mirror, frame, translate, adapt, or create derivative works from any part of the site or a dossier. Extract, scrape, crawl, harvest, or systematically collect any content or data, by hand or by any automated means, or assemble any of it into a dataset, product, or service. Reverse engineer, decompile, reconstruct, or imitate the engine, its weights, its indices, its ranking, or its method, in whole or in part, by any means including the use of any machine learning or artificial intelligence system. Use a dossier, or the engine, the indices, or the compilation, as training, tuning, or evaluation material for any system that ranks, compares, or recommends places to live. Resell, sublicense, or use a dossier to provide services to others. Use our names, marks, design, or look and feel in any way that suggests affiliation, endorsement, or origin. Register, use, or trade on any name, domain, handle, or mark confusingly similar to Patrician.ch.

Quotation with attribution. Search engines and answer engines may index our public pages, and may quote a short passage or a figure from a public page to answer a reader's question, on one condition: the answer names patrician.ch as the source and links to the page it came from. Editorial indices must be described as ours, not as published statistics. This permission covers public pages only, never a dossier, and it is not a license to store, redistribute, or rebuild the content. We may withdraw it from any party at any time.

2 open exceptions. Any site may frame the free widgets at /widgets/ using the code published there, unchanged, with its credit line and link to patrician.ch kept visible under it. The Keep Index dataset, the CSV file published at /research/keep-index-2026/, is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0: it may be copied, charted and republished, crediting Patrician.ch with a link to that page. Neither exception extends to any other page, the editorial indices, the engine, or a dossier, and we may withdraw the embed permission from any site at any time.

Any use beyond this license is a breach of these terms and an infringement of our rights under the copyright, database, and unfair competition laws of every country where the content is protected, including the EU Database Directive where it applies and the protection unfair competition law gives to another's work product, and the rules of every platform that hosts or indexes it. We record the source, time, and pattern of access to our pages. We will enforce those rights by takedown, delisting, injunction, and claims for damages and profits, and we will recover our costs where the law allows. Infringement notices and license requests: hello@patrician.ch.

7. No warranty, no reliance, liability

The site, the engine, and the dossiers are provided as is and as available. We make no warranty of any kind, express or implied, including as to accuracy, completeness, currency, fitness for a particular purpose, or non infringement, and we do not warrant that the site will be uninterrupted or error free. Every figure is indicative and may be wrong or out of date on the day you read it. You act on it at your own risk, and you agree that you have not relied on the site or a dossier as a substitute for advice from professionals licensed in the relevant jurisdiction.

We do not guarantee any outcome: no visa, residence permit, citizenship, tax ruling, bank account, school place, property, or result of any kind. No client, adviser, fiduciary, or agency relationship exists between you and us beyond the delivery of the specific dossier you have paid for. You are responsible for your own compliance with the tax, immigration, reporting, sanctions, and other laws that apply to you.

To the fullest extent permitted by law, our total aggregate liability arising from or connected with the site, the engine, or any dossier, in contract, tort, or otherwise, is limited to the fees you paid us in the 12 months before the claim. This limit does not apply to loss caused intentionally or by gross negligence. We are not liable for any indirect, consequential, special, or punitive loss, for lost profit, revenue, opportunity, or data, for decisions you take in reliance on indicative figures, for changes in law or policy, for the acts or omissions of any third party, or for events outside our reasonable control. Nothing in these terms limits liability that cannot be limited by law.

7a. Acceptable use and indemnity

You may not use the site or a dossier for any unlawful purpose, to infringe anyone's rights, to submit false information, to interfere with the site, or in breach of section 6. You agree to indemnify us and hold us harmless against any claim, loss, liability, or cost, including reasonable legal fees, arising from your breach of these terms or your misuse of the site or a dossier.

8. Changes

We may update the site, the models, prices, and these terms at any time. The version published at the time of your order applies to that order. For firm subscriptions, we give 30 days' notice by email of any price or terms change, and you can cancel before it takes effect.

9. Governing law

Your purchase is a contract with our merchant of record and is governed by the terms it presents at its checkout. These terms govern your use of this site and anything we deliver to you, and nothing in them limits the mandatory consumer rights of your country of residence. If any provision of these terms is held invalid, the rest remains in force and the provision is applied to the maximum extent the law allows. Our failure to enforce a right is not a waiver of it. These terms, the privacy notice, and the disclaimer are the entire agreement between you and us about the site and the dossiers. You may not assign your rights under them. We may assign ours to a successor of the business. The English text governs.

10. Firm subscriptions

Updated 17 October 2026.

This section applies to firms that subscribe to Patrician.ch for Firms, in addition to the terms above. The subscription is to software that generates research reports. It is billed and invoiced by our merchant of record.

A subscription renews at the end of each billing cycle, monthly or yearly, until it is canceled. You can cancel at any time in the billing portal. Cancellation takes effect at the end of the cycle you have already paid for, and the plan stays active until then.

Yearly plans are paid upfront for the year and renew each year. We email a reminder 30 days before each renewal, and you can cancel any time before it. Apart from the refund of a first payment described below, the current year is not refunded.

Each plan includes a number of Dossiers per billing cycle. The allowance does not roll over to the next cycle. Dossiers generated above it are billed at the end of the cycle, at the price per Dossier listed for your plan at patrician.ch/firms. A Dossier counts once, when it is generated.

The Free plan has no time limit and needs no payment card. It includes the widgets under your logo and color with 1 linked line naming Patrician.ch, the inquiry form in the widgets until 3 inquiries have reached you, and 3 Dossiers in total, each written from an inquiry that reached you through a widget on a site listed on your account. After the 3rd inquiry the form is switched off on the Free plan. The Advisor plan carries the inquiry form for 10 inquiries in each calendar month, counted in UTC, and the Firm plan keeps the form on. When a plan's inquiries have arrived, the button in each widget opens your own page, on the Advisor plan until the 1st of the next month, and each press is counted in your dashboard as a number, with no personal data. We collect no inquiry that we do not deliver to you. Inquiries come from visitors to your own site, and we do not sell, price or pass an inquiry to anyone. Plans differ in how many inquiries and conversations they include, and no inquiry is ever sold or charged for one by one. On the Free plan no Dossier is generated or billed after the 3rd. We may change the Free plan or close it to new accounts. An inquiry or a Dossier you already have stays in your account.

If fewer than 3 Dossiers were generated in the cycle covered by your first payment, that payment is refunded in full when you ask within 7 days of it. Write to hello@patrician.ch. The refund is made by our merchant of record to the card or account the payment came from.

Your firm is responsible for any advice it gives its clients, and for having a lawful basis to enter a client's information into its account. A Dossier stays comparison research on published figures whatever name it carries. It is not tax, legal or immigration advice from us to your firm or to your client, and it creates no relationship between us and your client.

For Dossiers generated in a firm account, section 6 is varied: your firm may give them to its own clients under its own name. It may not resell or share access to the account or the engine.

The white-label widgets run under your firm's brand only on the domains listed in your account. All 12 widgets, the 7 calculators and the 5 Signature widgets (the engine, the globe, the board, the passport ladder and the ordinary day), run on the Free plan and while a paid plan is active. Their code carries your firm's own key, which may not be given to anyone else or used on another site. When a paid plan has ended, the widgets keep running as they do on the Free plan, with the linked line naming Patrician.ch. On a suspended account a calculator runs as the public version under the Patrician.ch name and a Signature widget shows nothing. A domain can be listed on 1 account at a time.

Patrician AI is an AI assistant that runs on your own site under your firm's name, on the domains listed in your account. It answers a visitor from the published figures and from the notes your firm writes and approves in its dashboard, and it shows your own links as buttons. It tells every visitor that it is an AI assistant. It describes published rules and figures. It gives no tax, legal or immigration advice, promises no outcome, signs nothing and takes no payment. Your firm is responsible for the notes it approves, for the pages its links open, for telling its visitors about the assistant in its own privacy policy, and for every answer its people give afterwards. A reply is generated by software and can be wrong: a figure is published research, not a statement of your firm's advice. The Free plan includes the account's first 25 conversations in total, the Advisor plan 100 conversations in each calendar month and the Firm plan 300. On the Free plan the assistant carries the same linked line naming Patrician.ch as the widgets. A conversation counts when a visitor writes a second message. At the limit the assistant stops showing on your site until the next month or a plan that carries more. Plans differ in how many conversations, inquiries and clients they include, and none of them is ever sold or charged for one by one.

The Desk is a plan of Patrician.ch for Firms. It includes everything in the Firm plan and adds 4 things. Each inquiry that reaches your firm through its widgets, its Patrician AI or its desk address comes with a reply written by software in your firm's voice, from your profile, your approved notes and the published figures for that person's inputs. Nothing is sent until a user of your firm approves it, and each approval sends once. The client memory keeps 1 record per person your firm deals with through the Desk, with every email in and out, shared by your firm's users, exportable at any time and deleted with your account. The Desk writes only replies to people who wrote to your firm first, and it sends no email to anyone who did not. Approved replies go from your firm's own Google mailbox when your firm connects it, with permission to send only and never to read, revocable at any time in your desk, and otherwise from hello@patrician.ch in your firm's name with replies to your firm. Your firm is the sender of every email and decides who receives it. The full Monday brief adds a summary of your firm's week from its own records. Patrician.ch sells no leads, takes no share of any fee and gives no tax, legal or immigration advice. The Desk is $990 a month or $9,900 a year. The first 3 Desk firms run their first month with no payment card, then pay $490 a month for 3 months and the standard price after that. If a founding month ends without a subscription, the Desk pauses and the account stays on the Free plan with everything it holds. Starting the Desk includes accepting the data processing agreement below.

Firm subscriptions are governed by Swiss law.

11. Data processing agreement for firms

Version 23 October 2026. Accepted by a firm when it starts the Desk.

Parties. The firm that holds a Patrician.ch for Firms account (the controller) and the operator of Patrician.ch, hello@patrician.ch (the processor, "we"). This agreement forms part of the firm terms in section 10 and applies under the Swiss Federal Act on Data Protection and, where they apply, the EU and UK GDPR (Article 28).

1. Subject matter. We process personal data on the firm's documented instructions, only to run its account: to generate and keep the Dossiers it asks for, to deliver inquiries sent through its widgets, to run Patrician AI on its listed domains and keep its conversations, and on the Desk to write the replies and notes it approves, keep its client memory, send what it approves, and write its Monday brief.

2. Duration. For as long as the account is open, then until deletion under clause 8.

3. Data and data subjects. The firm's users: email addresses, roles, sign-in records. The firm's clients: the engine settings entered for a client profile and the label the firm chooses. Visitors who send an inquiry: name, email address, phone number (optional), note, the numbers set in the widget, the page it was sent from. Visitors who write to Patrician AI: the messages, the replies, the site it ran on, the figures looked up, and any contact details the visitor chooses to leave. On the Desk: the emails the firm forwards to its desk address and their senders' names and addresses, the replies the firm approves, the next steps it records, and for partners the organization, a contact name and an email address printed on their own published page. No special category data is asked for, and visitors are told not to type identity documents, health details or payment details.

4. Our obligations. We process only on the firm's instructions, including for transfers. Everyone with access is bound to confidentiality. We do not use the data for our own purposes, for marketing or for training any model. We tell the firm without undue delay, and within 72 hours of becoming aware, of a personal data breach affecting its data, with what we know and what we are doing about it.

5. Security measures. The database is hosted in Switzerland. Data is encrypted in transit and at rest by the hosting providers. Access to stored data is restricted to server functions, with row-level security by firm on every table and no public access. Firm sign-in is by single-use email link, with signed sessions that expire. A Google mailbox connection holds permission to send only, its token is kept in an encrypted vault and the firm can revoke it at any time. An IP address is held only in anti-abuse counters deleted within a day. Patrician AI conversations are deleted 90 days after their last message. Daily backups, with a restore test, in private storage.

6. Subprocessors. We use these categories of provider, as listed under "Who else sees it" in the privacy notice: a hosting and content delivery provider, a database provider that stores the data in Switzerland, a merchant of record for billing, an email delivery provider, a language model provider, a rendering service that turns a Dossier into a PDF, providers that serve fonts and film, and, when the firm connects it, the firm's own Google mailbox. Each is under a written contract with obligations no weaker than these. The firm authorizes them generally. We give 30 days' notice by email before adding or replacing a category, and the firm can object and cancel before it takes effect.

7. Help with requests. We help the firm answer data subject requests (access, correction, deletion, portability, objection) without undue delay and within 10 business days of its request, and with security, breach and impact assessment duties to the extent our processing is involved. A request we receive directly about the firm's data is passed to the firm.

8. Deletion at the end. Within 30 days after the account closes we delete the firm's data, or return it to the firm when it asks before the account closes, except billing records we must keep by law. The firm can export its client memory and ask for deletion sooner.

9. Audits. We make available the information needed to show compliance with this agreement, in writing, once a year or after a breach.

12. The Patrician.ch API license

Version 24 October 2026. Accepted when a key is requested or an API plan is bought at patrician.ch/developers.

What it is. The Patrician.ch API gives read access to the comparison research published on patrician.ch: modeled income tax and the other figures for 100 places, residence routes, exit rules and the rule-change log, over HTTP and the Model Context Protocol. It is research data. It is not tax, legal, immigration or financial advice, and it is not a service that advises anyone. Figures are indicative, modeled on published 2026 rules, and change as the rules change.

What you may do. Show the figures to your own users inside your own website, app, product, report or assistant while your key is active. On the Free key, every screen, page or document that shows them carries a visible followed link to https://patrician.ch with the words "Data: Patrician.ch", or to the patrician.ch page the figure comes from. On API Pro the link is asked for, not required. API Business and a data license need no credit.

What you may not do. Resell, sublicense or redistribute the data as data (a file, a feed, a database or an API of your own). Build a competing comparison product or ranking from it. Use responses or exports to train or fine-tune a machine learning model. Share a key outside your organization, or work around the limits of your plan. A data license can allow more, in writing.

Keys and limits. A key belongs to the organization it was issued to. It is shown once and we keep only a one-way hash of it. Each plan has a number of calls a month (the Free key 3,000, API Pro 30,000, API Business 150,000), counted per key and renewed on the 1st of each month, UTC. Unused calls do not carry over. We may suspend a key that breaks this license or puts the service at risk, and we tell its holder why.

Plans and billing. API Pro and API Business are monthly or yearly subscriptions in US dollars, sold and invoiced by our merchant of record. They renew until canceled. Canceling stops the next renewal and the plan runs to the end of the period paid. A first payment is refunded in full when asked within 7 days. A Firm or Desk plan on Patrician.ch for Firms includes API Pro for its account email.

Accuracy and liability. The data is provided as is, under section 7. We check it against official sources and correct it when it is wrong. Every answer carries the engine version, and the full tables carry the date of the last check. Our total liability for the API is limited to the fees paid for it in the 12 months before a claim.

The API license is governed by Swiss law.

Privacy notice

Who is responsible for your data

The operator of Patrician.ch decides how the personal data described in this notice is used (the controller). Where a firm uses Patrician.ch for Firms, the firm is the controller of its clients' and visitors' data and we process it for the firm (section 11). Polar, our merchant of record, is the controller of your billing and card details. Any question or request about your data goes to hello@patrician.ch, and a request is answered within 1 month.

What we collect

When you request a dossier or subscribe to the letter we receive what you type: name, email address, income band, the jurisdiction you selected, the product you chose, and the inputs you set in the engine (income, liquidity event, passports held, household, home base). We use this to reply to you, to generate what you asked for, and to send the letter if you subscribed. The engine runs on our server. When you move a slider or change a selection, those inputs are sent to it without your name or email, the ranking is computed and returned, and our code keeps no record of them. Nothing tied to you is stored unless you submit a form.

Rule-change notices after a purchase

A Private Dossier comes with rule-change notices for 12 months after its delivery. While they run, we keep your email address, the settings your Dossier was written on and your own figures for its 3 places, and once a day we compare them with the published rules. When a rule changes for 1 of your 3 places or for leaving your home country, we write to you once that day. Every notice carries a link that stops the notices alone. Stopping them changes nothing about your delivery or refund emails. The notices end on their own 12 months after delivery, and we use this data for nothing else.

Firm accounts

Updated 17 October 2026.

When a firm uses Patrician.ch for Firms, we hold the email addresses of its users, its plan and billing status, and for each client profile the engine settings and a label the firm chooses. No client name is required. We process client settings and labels on the firm's instructions, as its processor, only to generate and keep the Dossiers it asks for. They are deleted or returned to the firm within 30 days after the account closes, except billing records we must keep, and deleted sooner when the firm asks. They reach only the categories of providers listed under "Who else sees it". The language model provider receives the settings and the figures of a Dossier, never the client label or a contact detail. The rendering service receives the finished Dossier only to make its PDF.

The Desk

Updated 23 October 2026.

When a firm runs the Desk, we keep for that firm, as its processor, 1 record per person it deals with through the Desk: their name and email address, the inquiries and emails in and out, the numbers they set and the next step the firm records. A person who writes to a firm or whose email the firm forwards to its desk address is answered by the firm under its own privacy policy.

Inquiries sent through a firm's widget

Updated 9 October 2026.

When a reader sends an inquiry from a widget on a firm's website, the firm decides how the details are used and answers the reader under its own privacy policy. We deliver the inquiry for the firm, as its processor: the name, email address and phone number the reader enters, the note, the numbers set in the widget, the website it was sent from and the 3 addresses that led on those numbers. We keep it in the firm's inbox, send it to the email address and the webhook the firm has set, and use it for nothing else. It follows the retention set out above for client profiles. Where a firm's widget carries no inquiry form, its button opens the firm's own page and we add 1 to a count shown to the firm. The count is a number, and nothing about the reader is stored with it. The reader's IP address is held only in an anti-abuse counter that is deleted within a day.

Conversations with a firm's associate

Updated 17 October 2026.

A firm can run an AI assistant on its own website, called Patrician AI. The first screen says that it is an AI assistant. When a visitor writes to it, we process the conversation for that firm, as its processor: the messages the visitor types, the replies, the website it ran on, and the figures looked up to answer. The firm decides how the conversation is used and answers the visitor under its own privacy policy. People at the firm can read it in their dashboard. A conversation is deleted 90 days after its last message. When a visitor chooses to leave a name, an email address or a phone number, those details and a short summary of the conversation are delivered to the firm as an inquiry, as set out above. A visitor is never asked for identity documents, health details or payment details, and should not type them. A language model provider receives the messages of the conversation and the firm's notes to write each reply: Anthropic, or OpenAI or Google as a fallback when it is unavailable. Each works under its data processing terms, processes these requests in the United States, and may not use them for its own purposes. We use a conversation for nothing else: no marketing and no contact from us. To stop abuse, the visitor's IP address is held in a counter that is deleted within a day. The same applies to the assistant on our own page for firms, where we are the controller and the conversation reaches our desk.

The Patrician.ch API

Updated 24 October 2026.

When you ask for an API key we keep your email address, the website you name, what you say you will use it for, a one-way hash of your key, its plan, its billing status and a one-way hash of the IP address the request came from (to stop abuse). Calls made with a key are counted per key and per month, and the count is deleted when the month ends. We do not keep the inputs or the answers of calls. Paid plans are billed by our merchant of record, which holds the payment details. Ask hello@patrician.ch to see or delete your record, and the key stops working when it is deleted.

AI assistants (the Patrician.ch connector)

Updated 29 September 2026.

Patrician.ch can be added to an AI assistant such as Claude or ChatGPT as a connector, at https://patrician.ch/mcp. It needs no account and no sign-in. When the assistant calls it, we receive only the inputs of that call: an income, passports held, a household, a current home, and the places or passport asked about. We never receive your name, your email address or your conversation. The inputs are used to compute the answer and are returned with it. Our code keeps no record of them. To stop abuse, calls from each IP address are counted in memory for 1 minute and then discarded. Our hosting provider processes each request to deliver it, as it does for every page on this site. The assistant you use is run by its own provider under its own privacy policy. Questions go to hello@patrician.ch.

Legal basis and retention

We process this information to perform the contract you asked for or to take steps at your request before a contract, and, for the letter, on the basis of your consent. Consent is given in 2 steps: you enter your address, and you confirm from the email we send to it. Nothing is sent until you confirm. As the record of that consent we keep the time, the IP address and the browser of both steps. You can withdraw it at any time in one tap from the link in every letter or in your mail app, or by replying "unsubscribe". An address that is never confirmed is deleted after 30 days. After an unsubscribe we keep the address with the record of the subscription and of the unsubscribe, only so that nothing is ever sent to it again. The letter is sent through our email delivery provider and is never shared with or sold to anyone else. Follow-up emails about the Dossier are sent only if you tick that box when you give your email for the free chapters, on the basis of that consent. Every one carries an unsubscribe link, and without the tick we send none. Inquiry data is kept for 24 months after our last contact and dossier files for 7 years for accounting and dispute purposes, after which they are deleted.

Who else sees it

We use a small number of technology providers to run the site: a hosting and content delivery provider, a database provider that stores the data in Switzerland, a merchant of record who sells to you in its own name and handles payment and invoicing, an email delivery provider, a language model provider that drafts the prose of each Dossier from its figures and writes the replies of Patrician AI, a rendering service that turns each Dossier into a PDF, providers who serve the fonts and film, and an IP location service, ipinfo.io, which receives a visitor's IP address and returns the country, city and network, so we can count visits by place and tell people from automated link scanners. We never store the IP address itself. Each sees only what it needs for that purpose. Our merchant of record holds your billing details and card data. We never see your card number. All of them act under contract and none of them may use your information for their own purposes.

Your rights

You may ask what we hold about you, ask us to correct or delete it, object to processing, or ask for a copy in a portable format. Under the Swiss Federal Act on Data Protection and the EU and UK GDPR you may also complain to the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner or your own supervisory authority. Write to the address at the end of this page.

If you are a California resident, the same rights apply under the CCPA and CPRA: to know, to delete, to correct, and to opt out of sale or sharing. We do not sell or share personal information as those laws define it, and we do not discriminate against anyone who exercises these rights. Write to the address in the Contact section.

International transfers

Your data is processed by us and by the providers named above, inside and outside the European Economic Area. Where a transfer leaves the EEA it is made to a country the European Commission recognizes as providing adequate protection, or under the standard contractual clauses or another safeguard the provider operates.

Cookie notice

This site sets no advertising cookies. Google Analytics 4 counts visits, pages, and which parts of the engine are used, with advertising features, Google signals, and ad personalization switched off. Nothing is shared with Google Ads, and Google Analytics does not log your IP address. It sets first-party cookies, "_ga" and "_ga_" followed by the property id, which last up to 2 years and let it recognize a return visit. In the EEA, the United Kingdom and Switzerland these cookies are set only if you accept in the cookie notice. If you reject, or have not chosen yet, Google Analytics counts the visit without cookies: nothing is stored on your device, and our server gives the visit an identifier made from a one-way hash of your connection address, your browser and the date. It changes every day, so a visit can never be linked to one on another day. We count these visits on the basis of our legitimate interest in knowing how the site is used, and you can object at the address in the Contact section. The notice stores one item in your browser's local storage, "patrician-consent", to remember your choice. Cookie settings in the footer shows it again, so you can change your choice at any time. Microsoft Clarity records how the pages of this site are used (clicks, scrolling, and where a page is left) to improve their layout. It masks text you type everywhere. On your own Dossier and inside a firm account it masks every word and figure on the page before anything leaves your browser, so no content of a document or an account is recorded. It does not run inside a widget placed on another site. It sets its own first-party cookies, "_clck" and "_clsk", which last up to 1 year. In the EEA, the United Kingdom and Switzerland it sets these cookies only after you accept. Until then, and after a Reject, it records each page on its own with no cookie, so 2 pages of one visit are never joined. The first time you set the engine on a page, the page also sends us one count with no identifier: the country your connection comes from as our content delivery provider sees it, the domain of the site that linked you here, and the page. It stores nothing on your device and is not used to recognize you. Your IP address is held only in an anti-abuse counter that is deleted within a day. The pages that run the engine (the homepage, the Firms pages and the engine widget) set 1 functional cookie, "pe", so their own engine can load the full ranking of 100. It holds no identifier, every visitor in the same hour gets the same value, and it lasts up to 12 hours. Our content delivery provider may set a security cookie to tell people from bots. Third-party media and font servers may set their own cookies under their own policies. You can block or clear all of this in your browser settings.

Disclaimer

All figures on this site are indicative. Tax models use simplified headline brackets for 2026, leave out social contributions unless the Employment income switch is on (12 countries are modeled), leave out most deductions and treaties, apply a wealth tax only when investable assets are entered, treat US citizens as taxed worldwide, and flag special regimes rather than ranking on them. Visa thresholds, residence programs, and citizenship rules change often and are stated as we understood them at publication. Cost, safety, school, sun, and beauty scores are our editorial estimates. Net millionaire inflow figures are country level and come from the Henley Private Wealth Migration Report 2025, and wealth mobility scores from the 2026 edition. Nothing here is a recommendation to move to, or invest in, any jurisdiction, and no mention of a program, bank, school, agent, lawyer, or place is an endorsement of it. Verify everything with licensed counsel before acting. All content is protected, and all rights are reserved, as set out in section 6 of the terms.

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