
66 passports. Mobility is the count of destinations without a prior visa. The columns that decide a relocation are the other 3: how many years it takes, whether you keep your own, and whether it follows you with tax.
| Rank | Passport | Mobility | Dual | Taxes abroad |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 🇸🇬 Singapore | 193 | No | No |
| 2 | 🇯🇵 Japan | 188 | No | No |
| 3 | 🇦🇪 UAE | 188 | Case by case | No |
| 4 | 🇰🇷 South Korea | 188 | Restricted, some categories | No |
| 5 | 🇸🇪 Sweden | 187 | Yes | No. By statute a Swedish citizen, or anyone who lived in Sweden 10 years, stays taxable on worldwide income for 5 years after leaving unless they show no essential connection |
| 6 | 🇳🇴 Norway | 186 | Yes, since 2020 | No |
| 7 | 🇧🇪 Belgium | 186 | Yes | No |
| 8 | 🇩🇰 Denmark | 186 | Yes, since 2015 | No |
| 9 | 🇫🇮 Finland | 186 | Yes | No. By statute a Finnish citizen stays tax resident on worldwide income until 3 years after the end of the year of leaving unless they show no essential ties |
| 10 | 🇫🇷 France | 186 | Yes | No, except for French nationals living in Monaco, who are taxed by France as residents under Article 7-1 of the 1963 Franco-Monegasque convention |
| 11 | 🇩🇪 Germany | 186 | Yes, since 2024 | No |
| 12 | 🇮🇪 Ireland | 186 | Yes | No |
| 13 | 🇮🇹 Italy | 186 | Yes | No. By statute an Italian citizen who moves to a listed tax haven is presumed tax resident on worldwide income unless they prove otherwise |
| 14 | 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 186 | Yes | No |
| 15 | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 186 | No, with exceptions for spouses and birth | No |
| 16 | 🇪🇸 Spain | 186 | Restricted, nationals of Ibero-American countries, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea or Portugal and Sephardic Jews excepted | No. By statute a Spanish national who moves to a tax haven stays an IRPF taxpayer for that year and the next 4 |
| 17 | 🇨🇭 Switzerland | 185 | Yes | No |
| 18 | 🇦🇹 Austria | 185 | No, with exceptions | No |
| 19 | 🇬🇷 Greece | 185 | Yes | No |
| 20 | 🇲🇹 Malta | 185 | Yes | No |
| 21 | 🇵🇹 Portugal | 185 | Yes | No. By statute a Portuguese national who moves to a blacklisted territory stays an IRS resident for that year and the next 4 |
| 22 | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 184 | Yes | No |
| 23 | 🇭🇺 Hungary | 184 | Yes | No where a tax treaty assigns residence elsewhere. By statute a citizen with no other citizenship stays tax resident on worldwide income |
| 24 | 🇵🇱 Poland | 184 | Yes | No |
| 25 | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | 184 | No | No |
| 26 | 🇨🇦 Canada | 183 | Yes | No |
| 27 | 🇦🇺 Australia | 183 | Yes | No |
| 28 | 🇨🇿 Czech Republic | 183 | Yes, since 2014 | No |
| 29 | 🇱🇻 Latvia | 183 | Restricted to EU, EFTA, NATO and a few others | No |
| 30 | 🇸🇰 Slovakia | 183 | Yes, after 5 years abroad | No |
| 31 | 🇸🇮 Slovenia | 183 | No for naturalization, with exceptions | No |
| 32 | 🇳🇿 New Zealand | 183 | Yes | No |
| 33 | 🇭🇷 Croatia | 182 | No for naturalization, with exceptions for descent and marriage | No |
| 34 | 🇪🇪 Estonia | 182 | No | No |
| 35 | 🇱🇹 Lithuania | 181 | No, narrow exceptions | No |
| 36 | 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | 181 | No | No |
| 37 | 🇺🇸 United States | 180 | Yes | Yes, worldwide, for life |
| 38 | 🇮🇸 Iceland | 180 | Yes | No |
| 39 | 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | 178 | No for naturalization, except EU, EEA and Swiss citizens, spouses of Bulgarians and citizens of states with a reciprocity treaty | No |
| 40 | 🇷🇴 Romania | 178 | Yes | No |
| 41 | 🇲🇨 Monaco | 176 | No, prior nationality must be renounced | No |
| 42 | 🇨🇾 Cyprus | 175 | Yes | No |
| 43 | 🇭🇰 Hong Kong | 175 | Chinese nationality law, no dual | No |
| 44 | 🇧🇷 Brazil | 170 | Yes | No |
| 45 | 🇦🇷 Argentina | 169 | Yes | No |
| 46 | 🇦🇩 Andorra | 169 | No | No |
| 47 | 🇮🇱 Israel | 167 | Yes under the Law of Return. Naturalization normally requires giving up the other passport | No |
| 48 | 🇰🇳 St Kitts and Nevis | 157 | Yes | No |
| 49 | 🇲🇽 Mexico | 155 | Yes by birth. Naturalization requires renouncing the other nationality | No |
| 50 | 🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda | 154 | Yes | No |
| 51 | 🇬🇩 Grenada | 148 | Yes | No |
| 52 | 🇩🇲 Dominica | 144 | Yes | No |
| 53 | 🇱🇨 St Lucia | 143 | Yes by birth or investment. Naturalization by residence requires renouncing the other nationality | No |
| 54 | 🇺🇦 Ukraine | 142 | Yes, since 2026, with states on a government list | No |
| 55 | 🇹🇼 Taiwan | 136 | Restricted | No |
| 56 | 🇷🇺 Russia | 114 | Yes, must declare | No |
| 57 | 🇶🇦 Qatar | 112 | No | No |
| 58 | 🇹🇷 Turkey | 112 | Yes | No |
| 59 | 🇿🇦 South Africa | 101 | Yes | No |
| 60 | 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia | 90 | No, exceptions by decree | No |
| 61 | 🇻🇺 Vanuatu | 85 | Yes | No |
| 62 | 🇨🇳 China | 83 | No | No |
| 63 | 🇳🇷 Nauru | 83 | Yes | No |
| 64 | 🇹🇭 Thailand | 77 | Restricted. The Nationality Act ends Thai nationality on naturalization abroad | No |
| 65 | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | 70 | No | No |
| 66 | 🇮🇳 India | 55 | No, OCI card instead | No |
The Dual column, country by country: which countries allow dual citizenship.
The engine takes what you earn and what you hold, then orders every address on the board against it.
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Income tax on the published 2026 rules. Social contributions, most deductions and treaties are not modeled. Figures are for a non-US single filer. Wealth tax, an exit and your passports are added when you run the engine on your own numbers. Not advice. Residence rules change often. Verify before acting.
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