What is Act 60 in Puerto Rico?
Act 60 (Puerto Rico): Puerto Rico's incentive code for bona fide residents: 4% on export services income, and 0% on Puerto Rico sourced interest, dividends and post-move gains for a decree applied for by 31 December 2026. A US citizen resident in Puerto Rico owes no federal income tax on Puerto Rico source income.
San Juan for a high earner · How a US citizen is taxed abroad
What is the Beckham law in Spain?
Beckham law (Spain): Spain's regime for inbound hires and remote workers: 24% flat on Spanish employment income up to €600,000, for 6 years. It does not switch off the wealth tax.
Spain for high earners
What is Category 2 status in Gibraltar?
Category 2 status (Gibraltar): Gibraltar charges tax on the first £118,000 of income only, so the bill is capped at £42,380 a year whatever you earn, with a floor of £37,000.
Gibraltar for a high earner
What is citizenship by investment?
Citizenship by investment: A passport, not only residence, in exchange for an investment or donation. St Kitts and Nevis has run the oldest program since 1984, Antigua and Barbuda since 2013. Malta's was struck down by the EU Court of Justice in April 2025.
St Kitts and Nevis · Passports, ranked
What is Cyprus non-dom status?
Cyprus non-dom: Status for new residents of Cyprus that lasts 17 years, extendable from 2026 by up to 2 further 5 year periods at €250,000 paid upfront for each: no tax on dividends and interest, no capital gains tax except on Cyprus property, and half of a salary above €55,000 a year exempt for 17 years for arrivals who lived outside Cyprus for 15 years. Tax residence can start from 60 days a year.
Limassol for a high earner · All non-dom regimes compared
What is a deemed disposal?
Deemed disposal: The legal fiction behind most exit taxes. On the day you leave, you are treated as having sold your assets at market value, and the gain is taxed as if you had.
Canada departure tax · South Africa exit tax
What is a double tax treaty?
Double tax treaty: An agreement between 2 countries that decides which one taxes each kind of income, and gives credit where both do. Its tie-breaker clause settles residence when both claim you.
Moving from London
What is an effective tax rate?
Effective tax rate: The share of your whole income that goes in tax, as opposed to the top marginal rate. London's top bracket is 45%, but $1,000,000 earned there works out at an effective 43% on the Patrician.ch model. Every rate on the board is effective, computed on the income entered.
Where you keep the most of $1M, $3M and $10M
What is an exit tax?
Exit tax: A tax charged when you give up residence, on gains that built up while you lived there but were never sold. Canada, France, Israel, Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Japan, Austria, Denmark, Poland, South Korea and Belgium all charge one on departure, with deferral rules that differ.
Exit tax by country · Every exit tax page
What is the UK FIG regime?
FIG regime (UK): The UK's 4 year relief for new arrivals on foreign income and gains, open to anyone who has not been UK resident in the previous 10 years. It replaced the non-dom remittance basis from 6 April 2025.
London for a high earner
What is a golden visa?
Golden visa (residence by investment): Residence granted in exchange for a qualifying investment, usually property, a fund or a business. Several have closed: Spain in April 2025, the Netherlands and Australia in 2024. Monaco and the Cayman Islands grant residence against capital without a program by that name.
Golden visas still open in Europe · Residence by investment routes
What is High Value Residency in Jersey?
High Value Residency (Jersey): Jersey's route for wealthy arrivals: 20% on Jersey property income and on the first £1.25M of other income, and 1% on everything above, a minimum tax of £250,000 a year, and a home bought above £3.5M.
Jersey for a high earner
What are HNWI and UHNWI?
HNWI and UHNWI: A high net worth individual holds at least $1 million in liquid investable assets, not counting a main home. An ultra high net worth individual usually holds $30 million or more. Henley & Partners counts millionaires on the first definition.
Best countries for high net worth individuals
What is IFICI in Portugal?
IFICI (Portugal): The successor to Portugal's NHR regime. Qualifying new residents pay a 20% flat rate for 10 years. NHR itself closed to new applicants from 2024.
Portugal for high earners
What is the impatriate regime in France?
Impatriate regime (France): France exempts 30% of employment income for up to 8 years for people hired from abroad. France's wealth tax reaches property only, above €1.3M.
France for high earners
What are inheritance and estate taxes?
Inheritance and estate tax: Tax on what passes at death. An estate tax charges the estate as a whole, as the US does. An inheritance tax charges each heir on their share, usually at a lower rate for a spouse and children. 26 of the 47 countries and territories on the board levy none.
Countries with no inheritance tax
What is Italy's flat tax (Article 24-bis)?
Italy flat tax (Article 24-bis): A fixed annual tax on all foreign income for new residents of Italy, whatever its size: €300,000 a year for anyone who becomes resident from 1 January 2026, plus €50,000 per family member, for up to 15 years. Earlier entrants keep the €100,000 or €200,000 rate they joined on.
Swiss lump sum vs Italy's flat tax · Italy for high earners
What is lump sum taxation in Switzerland?
Lump sum taxation (Switzerland): Swiss tax on a deemed spending base instead of income, for foreigners who live in Switzerland but do not work there. The base is at least 7 times the rent or rental value of the home, with a federal floor around CHF 435,000 for 2026 and cantonal minimums on top. Zurich no longer offers it.
Swiss lump sum vs Italy's flat tax · Switzerland for high earners
What is the Malta Global Residence Program?
Malta Global Residence Program: Malta taxes non-domiciled residents only on income they bring into Malta, at 15% under the Global Residence Program.
Valletta for a high earner
What is millionaire migration?
Millionaire migration: Henley & Partners' forecast of how many millionaires move in or out of each country in a year, net. It is a country figure, never a city one. For 2025 it forecast the largest net inflow on the board for the UAE, +9,800, and the largest outflow for the UK, −16,500.
Where millionaires are moving
What was UK non-dom status?
Non-dom (UK): The UK status that let residents with a foreign domicile keep foreign income and gains out of UK tax unless they brought the money in. It ended on 6 April 2025. Its replacement is residence based: new arrivals get 4 years of relief on foreign income and gains, and UK inheritance tax now follows 10 years of residence.
Where UK non-doms are moving · Non-dom regimes in Europe, compared
What is the remittance basis?
Remittance basis: Taxing foreign income only when it is brought into the country. Malta works this way. Thailand has taxed foreign income remitted by residents of 180 days or more since 1 January 2024.
Special regimes for new arrivals
What is Spain's solidarity tax?
Spain solidarity tax: Spain's national tax on net wealth above €3M, at 1.7%, 2.1%, and 3.5% above €10.7M. It credits the regional wealth tax paid. Madrid and Andalusia, which otherwise waive their own, collect the same amount themselves while it is in force.
Madrid wealth tax · Marbella wealth tax
What is tax residence?
Tax residence: The country entitled to tax you on your worldwide income. Most countries treat you as resident once you spend 183 days there in a tax year, and many also weigh where your home, family and business interests sit. Where 2 countries both claim you, the tie-breaker clause of the tax treaty between them usually decides.
How to choose one
What is territorial taxation?
Territorial taxation: A system that taxes only income earned inside the country, so foreign income goes untaxed. Panama works this way, the Dominican Republic does except that it taxes a resident's foreign investment income from the third year, and Uruguay offers it to new residents for 11 years by election.
Panama City for a high earner · Punta del Este for a high earner
What is the US expatriation tax?
US expatriation tax: Leaving the US changes nothing for a citizen, since the US taxes citizens wherever they live. Renouncing citizenship, or giving up a long term green card, triggers a deemed sale of everything, with long term gains above the exclusion taxed at up to 23.8%.
How a US citizen is taxed abroad · US exit tax
What is a wealth tax?
Wealth tax: An annual tax on net assets, charged whether or not they produce income. 36 of the 100 addresses on the board carry one, the Swiss cantons and Spain among them. Swiss rates are low, Zug about 0.22% at the top. Spain's reach 3.5%.
Countries with no wealth tax · Wealth tax by address
