99 of the 100 addresses can be entered through a published investment or talent route, ordered by what the tax looks like once you are there.
In short, current to September 2026
Source: the Patrician.ch board, an original ranking of 100 residence addresses across 48 countries and territories. Tax rates, thresholds and routes are sourced. Cost, safety, schools, sun and beauty are Patrician.ch editorial indices. Figures current to September 2026. Updated . Cite as: Patrician.ch, Golden visas and residence by investment 2026: 99 routes, patrician.ch/answers/residence-by-investment-routes/, September 2026.
Ordered by effective income tax on $1,000,000 for a single filer, because the visa is a one time cost and the rate is annual.
On the Patrician board, 99 of 100 addresses have a published investment, founder or talent route, including Monaco (Monaco), Lugano (Switzerland), Lake Como (Italy), St. Moritz (Switzerland), Portofino (Italy), Miami (United States), Bora Bora (French Polynesia), Gustavia (St Barths).
Price is the wrong axis.
A cheaper program in a jurisdiction taxing you at 53% costs more in year 2 than a dearer one at 0%. Compare the 10 year figure, which is what the board ranks on.
On the board, Monaco, Italy, France, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Malta, Luxembourg, the Czech Republic and Andorra carry an investment route to residence.
Spain closed its golden visa in April 2025. Portugal's continues through a €500,000 fund investment, and real estate no longer qualifies. Greece requires €800,000 in property in Athens and the islands, €250,000 for converted buildings.
Sometimes, and on very different timelines.
The passport pages carry the naturalisation route and the dual nationality position for each, which are the 2 facts that decide whether a route is worth taking at all.
The engine takes what you earn and what you hold, then orders every address on the board against it.
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The general case, ranked: Where should high earners live in 2026 · Best country to live in if you are rich · Best countries for high earners after tax · Europe · United States
Tax figures use a simplified marginal model with indicative 2026 brackets for a non-US single filer, ignore social contributions, most deductions, wealth taxes, and treaties, and are not advice. Residence rules change often. Verify before acting.