Dubai, UAE
Answers · current to October 2026

Where a foreigner can buy a home.

The published rule for a buyer from abroad at 66 places, the passports it treats differently, and the tax on the purchase, each from its official source.

In short, current to October 2026

  • 36 of the 66 places treat buyers differently by passport, so the same purchase can be open to one buyer and closed or taxed to another.
  • Where a foreign buyer pays more than a local one, the extra is named in its own column: Singapore, Sydney and St John's.
  • Each line is the rule as the law or the authority states it, with the source and the day it was read on the place's own page.

Each address on this page was last checked against its official sources between and . The sources for each are named on its page.

Source: the Patrician.ch board, an original ranking of 100 residence addresses across 47 countries and territories. Tax rates, thresholds and routes are sourced. Cost, safety, schools, sun and beauty are Patrician.ch editorial indices. Figures current to October 2026. Updated . Cite as: Patrician.ch, Where can a foreigner buy a home? 66 places, by passport, 2026, patrician.ch/answers/where-can-foreigners-buy-a-home/, October 2026.

Rank all 100 on my own numbers →

Summarize with
ChatGPTGeminiGoogle AIPerplexityGrokClaude
By the Patrician.ch research desk · Updated 4 November 2026 · 16 min read
Lugano, Switzerland
Lugano 🇨🇭 Switzerland
Lake Como, Italy
Lake Como 🇮🇹 Italy
St. Moritz, Switzerland
St. Moritz 🇨🇭 Switzerland
Portofino, Italy
Portofino 🇮🇹 Italy
By place

The rule, place by place.

Europe

PlaceForeign buyersBy passportTax on the purchaseExtra for a foreign buyer
Lugano, SwitzerlandLuganoApproval, for a buyer who is a person abroadEU: No approval. Swiss: No approval. Any other: Approval13‰, above CHF 2 million, 11‰ below
Lake Como, ItalyLake ComoReciprocity, same right for Italians in buyer's countryEU: No limit. Swiss: Reciprocity9%, registration tax, private seller
St. Moritz, SwitzerlandSt. MoritzApproval, for a buyer who is a person abroadEU: No approval. Swiss: No approval. Any other: ApprovalUp to 2%, communal cap on market value, buyer pays
Portofino, ItalyPortofinoReciprocity, same right for Italians in buyer's countryEU: No limit. Swiss: Reciprocity9%, registration tax, private seller
Capri, ItalyCapriReciprocity, same right for Italians in buyer's countryEU: No limit. Swiss: Reciprocity9%, registration tax, private seller
Zurich, SwitzerlandZurichApproval, for a buyer who is a person abroadEU: No approval. Swiss: No approval. Any other: ApprovalNone, no transfer tax since 1 January 2005
Amalfi Coast, ItalyAmalfi CoastReciprocity, same right for Italians in buyer's countryEU: No limit. Swiss: Reciprocity9%, registration tax, private seller
Porto Cervo, ItalyPorto CervoReciprocity, same right for Italians in buyer's countryEU: No limit. Swiss: Reciprocity9%, registration tax, private seller
Tuscany, ItalyTuscanyReciprocity, same right for Italians in buyer's countryEU: No limit. Swiss: Reciprocity9%, registration tax, private seller
Zug, SwitzerlandZugApproval, for a buyer who is a person abroadEU: No approval. Swiss: No approval. Any other: ApprovalCHF 180/hour, land registry fee, factor 4 on a transfer
Gstaad, SwitzerlandGstaadApproval, for a buyer who is a person abroadEU: No approval. Swiss: No approval. Any other: Approval1.8%, of the price, paid by the buyer
Zermatt, SwitzerlandZermattApproval, for a buyer who is a person abroadEU: No approval. Swiss: No approval. Any other: Approval1.5%, above CHF 1 million, paid by the buyer
Verbier, SwitzerlandVerbierApproval, for a buyer who is a person abroadEU: No approval. Swiss: No approval. Any other: Approval1.5%, above CHF 1 million, paid by the buyer
Kitzbühel, AustriaKitzbühelApproval, for nationals of countries outside the EU and EEAEU: No approval3.5%, of the price, all parties liable
Cortina d'Ampezzo, ItalyCortina d'AmpezzoReciprocity, same right for Italians in buyer's countryEU: No limit. Swiss: Reciprocity9%, registration tax, private seller
Lucerne, SwitzerlandLucerneApproval, for a buyer who is a person abroadEU: No approval. Swiss: No approval. Any other: Approval1.5%, of the transfer value, paid by the buyer
Montreux, SwitzerlandMontreuxApproval, for a buyer who is a person abroadEU: No approval. Swiss: No approval. Any other: Approval2.2%, cantonal, paid by the buyer
Forte dei Marmi, ItalyForte dei MarmiReciprocity, same right for Italians in buyer's countryEU: No limit. Swiss: Reciprocity9%, registration tax, private seller
Venice, ItalyVeniceReciprocity, same right for Italians in buyer's countryEU: No limit. Swiss: Reciprocity9%, registration tax, private seller
Hvar, CroatiaHvarReciprocity, non-EU buyers need Ministry consentEU: Same as locals. Swiss: Same as locals3%, of market value, paid by the buyer
Limassol, CyprusLimassolPermit, Council of Ministers consent, filed with the District Officer3% to 8%, Land Registry transfer fee, halved
Valletta, MaltaVallettaAIP permit, Minister's permit for non-residentsEU: No permit5%, on the price or value, if higher
Geneva, SwitzerlandGenevaApproval, for a buyer who is a person abroadEU: No approval. Swiss: No approval. Any other: Approval3%, of the price on every property sale
Vaduz, LiechtensteinVaduzApproval, every land purchase needs approvalEU: As citizens
JerseyJerseyStatus needed, Entitled or Licensed residents may buyUp to 11%, stamp duty on a main home, by band
Vienna, AustriaViennaApproval, for nationals of countries outside the EU and EEAEU: No approval3.5%, of the price, all parties liable
Milan, ItalyMilanReciprocity, same right for Italians in buyer's countryEU: No limit. Swiss: Reciprocity9%, registration tax, private seller
Rome, ItalyRomeReciprocity, same right for Italians in buyer's countryEU: No limit. Swiss: Reciprocity9%, registration tax, private seller
See these 2 places for your own income.Lugano and Lake Como, side by side on your income, passports and family. Free, in the ranking of all 100. Then the Dossier: a written report in 10 chapters on the 3 places that rank first for you. The Dossier is $500. The founding price, $250, holds until 30 November.
Compare them on my income →

Americas

PlaceForeign buyersBy passportTax on the purchaseExtra for a foreign buyer
Miami, United StatesMiami7 countries, domiciled buyers face limitsEU: No ban. UK: No ban. US: No ban. Swiss: No ban. UAE: No ban. Canadian: No ban. Australian: No ban. Singapore: No ban. Japanese: No ban. Israeli: No ban$0.60, per $100 in Miami-Dade, single-family
Palm Beach, United StatesPalm Beach7 countries, domiciled buyers face limitsEU: No ban. UK: No ban. US: No ban. Swiss: No ban. UAE: No ban. Canadian: No ban. Australian: No ban. Singapore: No ban. Japanese: No ban. Israeli: No ban$0.70, per $100 of the price on the deed
The Hamptons, United StatesThe HamptonsNo ban, a home is outside federal CFIUS review0.4% + 1%, state transfer tax and mansion tax
New York, United StatesNew YorkNo ban, a home is outside federal CFIUS review0.65%, state transfer tax at $3M+, seller pays
Bal Harbour, United StatesBal Harbour7 countries, domiciled buyers face limitsEU: No ban. UK: No ban. US: No ban. Swiss: No ban. UAE: No ban. Canadian: No ban. Australian: No ban. Singapore: No ban. Japanese: No ban. Israeli: No ban$0.60, per $100 in Miami-Dade, single-family
Naples, United StatesNaples7 countries, domiciled buyers face limitsEU: No ban. UK: No ban. US: No ban. Swiss: No ban. UAE: No ban. Canadian: No ban. Australian: No ban. Singapore: No ban. Japanese: No ban. Israeli: No ban$0.70, per $100 of the price on the deed
Coral Gables, United StatesCoral Gables7 countries, domiciled buyers face limitsEU: No ban. UK: No ban. US: No ban. Swiss: No ban. UAE: No ban. Canadian: No ban. Australian: No ban. Singapore: No ban. Japanese: No ban. Israeli: No ban$0.60, per $100 in Miami-Dade, single-family
Aspen, United StatesAspenNo ban, a home is outside federal CFIUS review1.5%, city transfer taxes, paid by the buyer
Montecito, United StatesMontecitoNo ban, a home is outside federal CFIUS review
Malibu, United StatesMalibuNo ban, a home is outside federal CFIUS review0.11%, LA County tax, no city transfer tax
Beverly Hills, United StatesBeverly HillsNo ban, a home is outside federal CFIUS review0.11%, LA County tax, no city transfer tax
Las Vegas, United StatesLas VegasNo ban, a home is outside federal CFIUS review0.51%, $2.55 per $500, buyer and seller liable
Newport Beach, United StatesNewport BeachNo ban, a home is outside federal CFIUS review0.11%, Orange County tax, no city tax listed
San Francisco, United StatesSan FranciscoNo ban, a home is outside federal CFIUS review0.75% to 6%, city transfer tax from $1 million
Maui, United StatesMauiNo ban, a home is outside federal CFIUS review0.4% to 1.25%, conveyance tax from $1M, seller pays
Dallas, United StatesDallasOpen to most, bars buyers tied to designated countriesEU: No ban. UK: No ban. US: No ban. Swiss: No ban. UAE: No ban. Canadian: No ban. Australian: No ban. Singapore: No ban. Japanese: No ban. Israeli: No banNone, no transfer tax on a home sale
Austin, United StatesAustinOpen to most, bars buyers tied to designated countriesEU: No ban. UK: No ban. US: No ban. Swiss: No ban. UAE: No ban. Canadian: No ban. Australian: No ban. Singapore: No ban. Japanese: No ban. Israeli: No banNone, no transfer tax on a home sale
Punta del Este, UruguayPunta del EsteNo permit, same treatment as Uruguayan investors2%, paid by the buyer, plus 2% by the seller
Los Cabos, MexicoLos CabosBank trust, fideicomiso, SRE permit, up to 50 years3%, of the highest value, paid by the buyer
Tulum, MexicoTulumBank trust, fideicomiso, SRE permit, up to 50 years4%, of the highest value, paid by the buyer
Cancún, MexicoCancúnBank trust, fideicomiso, SRE permit, up to 50 years3%, of the highest value, paid by the buyer
Panama CityPanama CityAllowed, barred only within 10 km of the borders2%, transfer tax, return filed by the seller
Buenos Aires, ArgentinaBuenos AiresSame as locals, may own, buy and sell real estate3.5%, stamp duty above ARS 226,100,000
Tucker's Town, BermudaTucker's TownLicense, for a restricted person to acquire land
Virgin Gorda, British Virgin IslandsVirgin GordaLicense needed, Non-Belonger Land Holding License
Casa de Campo, Dominican RepublicCasa de CampoPassport, foreign parties file a passport3%, of the property value, plus RD$20
St John's, Antigua and BarbudaSt John'sLicense, for a non-citizen to hold land$2.50 per $100, of value, plus $5.00 per $100 from the vendor on land7%, license stamp duty on market value, freehold

Asia and the Gulf

PlaceForeign buyersBy passportTax on the purchaseExtra for a foreign buyer
Dubai, UAEDubaiFreehold, in areas the Ruler designates4%, 2% from the buyer and 2% from the seller
SingaporeSingaporeCondos open, landed homes need SLA approvalUS: As citizen. Swiss: As citizen1% to 6%, buyer's stamp duty, 6% above SGD 3M60%, ABSD on any residential purchase
Abu Dhabi, UAEAbu DhabiZones only, full ownership inside investment areas
Tel Aviv, IsraelTel AvivILA approval, for rights in Israel Lands to a foreigner0% to 10%, single apartment of an Israeli resident
Tokyo, JapanTokyoReport, non-residents report within 20 days2%, registration tax on assessed value
Phuket, ThailandPhuketCondo only, land closed, 49% foreign quota per condo
Bali, IndonesiaBaliHak Pakai, right of use, up to 30 years at first
Bangkok, ThailandBangkokCondo only, land closed, 49% foreign quota per condo

Oceania

PlaceForeign buyersBy passportTax on the purchaseExtra for a foreign buyer
Bora Bora, French PolynesiaBora BoraApproval, non-EU buyers, Council of MinistersEU: No approval
Sydney, AustraliaSydneyBanned, established homes, until 30 June 20297%, NSW premium duty above AUD 3.87M9%, NSW surcharge purchaser duty
Queenstown, New ZealandQueenstownBanned, most overseas buyers cannot buy homesAustralian: No consent. Singapore: No consent

Published rules only, as each source states them on the day it was checked, with the source on each place's page. Patrician.ch lists no property and takes no part in any sale. Not tax, legal or financial advice.

What the house costs to hold in the US: property tax on a $5M home. Switzerland in detail: Lex Koller.

Questions

The short answers.

Can a foreigner buy a home in Zurich?

Under the federal Lex Koller, a foreign national living abroad needs approval from the cantonal authority to buy a home. A holiday home is possible only in a place the canton designates as a tourist location, within a yearly federal quota, with net living area generally up to 200 m². Owning property gives no right to a residence permit.

Source: Federal Office of Justice, leaflet Erwerb von Grundstücken durch Personen im Ausland (status 17.04.2026), based on BewG SR 211.412.41, checked 30 October 2026.

Can a foreigner buy a home in Dubai?

Ownership of real property in Dubai is restricted to UAE and GCC nationals and their companies. Under Article 4, non-UAE nationals may, with the Ruler's approval, hold freehold without time limit, or usufruct or leasehold of up to 99 years, in the areas the Ruler designates.

Source: Dubai Law No. 7 of 2006 Concerning Real Property Registration in the Emirate of Dubai, Article 4, checked 4 November 2026.

Can a foreigner buy a home in Miami?

A person domiciled in China, Russia, Iran, North Korea, Cuba, Venezuela under the Maduro regime or Syria who is not a US citizen or permanent resident may not buy property on or within 10 miles of a military installation or critical infrastructure facility, and a person domiciled in China may not buy Florida real property at all. Either may buy 1 home of up to 2 acres more than 5 miles from a military installation when holding a US visa not limited to tourism, and registers it within 30 days. Every buyer signs an affidavit at closing, and the 11th Circuit left these rules in force on 4 November 2025 (Shen v. Simpson).

Source: Florida Statutes 692.201 to 692.204 (2026 edition), and US Court of Appeals 11th Circuit, Shen v. Simpson, No. 23-12737, checked 30 October 2026.

Can a foreigner buy a home in Singapore?

A foreigner may buy a condominium unit, or a strata landed house inside an approved condominium, without approval. Vacant residential land and terrace, semi-detached and detached houses need approval from the Singapore Land Authority. Landed homes at Sentosa Cove are on the approval list.

Source: Singapore Land Authority, Foreign ownership of property (Residential Property Act), checked 30 October 2026.

Can a foreigner buy a home in Sydney?

Foreign persons, including temporary residents, cannot buy an established dwelling from 1 April 2025 to 30 June 2029, with limited exceptions. The ban was extended from its earlier end date of 31 March 2027. Temporary residents may still apply for approval to buy new dwellings or vacant land.

Source: Australian Taxation Office, Types of property you can buy, checked 30 October 2026.

Can a foreigner buy a home in Queenstown?

Overseas people usually cannot buy a house or land in New Zealand. A residence class visa holder who is not yet ordinarily resident may apply for consent to buy 1 home. A qualifying investor visa holder may seek consent to buy or build a home above NZD 5 million.

Source: Land Information New Zealand, Overseas Investment Office, Buying residential property to live in, checked 30 October 2026.

The Dossier: your top 3, on your numbers.A written report on the 3 places that rank first for you, compared line by line on your income, a sale, your passports and your family. 10 chapters, written the moment you pay. Every tax figure carries its official source and the date it was last checked. The Dossier is $500. The founding price, $250, holds until 30 November. Refunded in full within 7 days of delivery, no reason needed.
Read chapters 1 to 3, free →
Free for your site

Put these figures on your site.

The income tax of Lugano, Lake Como, St. Moritz, Portofino, Capri and Zurich, side by side on 2026 rates. Your readers type their own salary and the places reorder. Free on any site, with the credit line under it.

<iframe src="https://patrician.ch/embed/compare/?c=lugano,lake-como,st-moritz,portofino,capri,zurich&inc=1000000" title="Income tax in Lugano, Lake Como, St. Moritz, Portofino, Capri and Zurich, Patrician.ch" width="100%" height="1270" style="border:0;max-width:760px;display:block;color-scheme:normal" loading="lazy"></iframe>
<p style="margin:6px 0 0;font-size:.875em;line-height:1.4">Research by <a href="https://patrician.ch/answers/where-can-foreigners-buy-a-home/">Patrician.ch</a></p>

See it live

Your position, not the average

This page is the general case. Your income and passports rank all 100 differently.

The engine takes what you earn and what you hold, then orders every address on the board against it.

Rank the board against my position →

90 seconds. No account, no payment.

The Patrician Letter

The rules move. Be told when they do.

Sent when it earns the send, not on a schedule. Never shared, one tap to stop.

Income tax on the published 2026 rules. Social contributions, most deductions and treaties are not modeled. Figures are for a non-US single filer. Wealth tax, an exit and your passports are added when you run the engine on your own numbers. Not advice. Residence rules change often. Verify before acting.

← Back to the board
For advisory firms

This research on your firm's site, as Patrician AI under your name.

It answers each visitor with the figures for their own income, passports and family, then offers your next step. Each inquiry reaches your inbox with a short brief.

Software for advisory firms. Patrician.ch refers no reader to a firm and shares nothing you enter here.

See how it works →